The Impact of Human Resource Planning and Recruitment System on Employee Performance through Employee Placement: A Case Study in RAEOA
Keywords:
Human Resource Planning, Recruitment Systems, Job Allocation, Employee Performance.
Abstract
Employee performance is fundamentally linked to the strategic allocation of human resources, where the alignment of skills, roles, and organizational needs determines the effectiveness of service delivery. This study investigates the influence of human resource planning, recruitment systems, and job allocation on employee performance within the Special Administrative Region of Oe-Cusse Ambeno (RAEOA), Timor-Leste. A quantitative research approach was employed, using a structured survey distributed among public servants, with the data analyzed through advanced statistical modeling. The findings reveal that human resource planning, recruitment systems, and job allocation significantly contribute to performance outcomes, both individually and collectively. Importantly, job allocation is identified as a mediating mechanism that translates planning and recruitment strategies into measurable improvements in employee performance. These results underscore the critical role of systematic workforce forecasting, competency-based recruitment, and effective placement in enhancing organizational efficiency and accountability. By contextualizing human resource practices in a resource-constrained public sector environment, the study contributes to the empirical literature on strategic human resource management in developing and post-conflict economies and offers practical insights for policymakers and practitioners seeking to strengthen institutional capacity and service delivery.
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References
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Bakić, T. (2024). Rethinking HR models in small and transitional economies. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 35(5), pp. 987–1005.
Barney, J.B. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), pp. 99–120.
Becker, G.S. (1964). Human capital: A theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to education. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Boas, A., Martins, F. & Santos, M. (2021). HR planning challenges in resource-scarce contexts. Management Decision, 59(13), pp. 23–41.
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Breaugh, J. (2013). Employee recruitment: Current knowledge and future research needs. Human Resource Management Review, 23(4), pp. 294–303.
Buil, I., Martínez, E. & Matute, J. (2019). Transformational leadership and employee performance: The role of identification, engagement, and proactive personality. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 77, pp. 64–75.
Campion, M.A., Campion, E.D., Campion, M.C. & Reider, M.H. (2016). Structured selection: A review of the validity of new methods. Personnel Psychology, 69(1), pp. 1–47.
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Inuwa, M. (2016). Job satisfaction and employee performance: An empirical approach. Millennial Review of Social Sciences, 2(1), pp. 1–8.
Jackson, S.E., Schuler, R.S. & Jiang, K. (2020). Strategic human resource management: A contextual approach. Human Resource Management Review, 30(4), 100766.
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Jiang, K., Lepak, D.P., Hu, J. & Baer, J.C. (2012). How does HRM influence organizational outcomes? A meta-analytic investigation. Academy of Management Journal, 55(6), pp. 1264–1294.
Judge, T.A., Jackson, C.L., Shaw, J.C., Scott, B.A. & Rich, B.L. (2017). Self-efficacy and work performance: Integrating individual differences into motivational theory. Journal of Applied Psychology, 102(2), pp. 269–281.
Kitukutha, N., Musau, E.G. & Karanja, J. (2020). Employer branding and recruitment effectiveness. European Journal of Human Resource Management Studies, 4(1), pp. 18–33.
Kristof-Brown, A.L., Zimmerman, R.D. & Johnson, E.C. (2005). Consequences of individuals’ fit at work: A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 58(2), pp. 281–342.
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Motowidlo, S.J. & Van Scotter, J.R. (1994). Evidence that contextual performance is distinct from task performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79(4), pp. 475–480.
Mousa, M. & Othman, M. (2020). Employee performance evaluation: A critical perspective. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 10(1), pp. 150–168.
Nadya, A. (2018). Sample size determination and Slovin’s formula in HR research. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen, 8(2), pp. 45–52.
Nawawi, H. (2017). Perencanaan SDM untuk Organisasi Publik. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.
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Park, S. & Lee, H. (2023). Citizen trust and employee performance in public administration. Public Management Review, 25(5), pp. 713–735.
Podsakoff, N.P., Podsakoff, P.M., MacKenzie, S.B., Maynes, T.D. & Spoelma, T.M. (2018). Consequences of unit-level organizational citizenship behaviors. Academy of Management Review, 43(4), pp. 718–744.
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Putri, Y. (2022). Recruitment systems and employer branding. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Indonesia, 11(1), pp. 34–45.
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Ramadhenty, D., Setiawan, I. & Hidayat, S. (2019). Job placement and employee performance: An empirical analysis. Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis, 16(2), pp. 151–162.
Reynolds, D. & Moyo, T. (2024). Human resource planning and allocation in African governments. Public Policy and Administration, 39(2), pp. 177–196.
Riyami, A. & Banu, A. (2019). HR planning and workforce strategy in Oman’s public sector. Middle East Journal of Management, 6(3), pp. 245–260.
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Schmidt, F.L., Oh, I.S. & Shaffer, J.A. (2016). The validity and utility of selection methods in personnel psychology: Practical and theoretical implications. Journal of Applied Psychology, 101(3), pp. 1–21.
Situmwara, M., Lumbanraja, P. & Gultom, D. (2020). Allocation systems and performance in public service. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis, 23(1), pp. 44–56.
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Sulea, C., Fischmann, G., Filipescu, R. & Zaborila, L. (2022). Personality, self-efficacy, and contextual performance: A meta-analysis. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 31(2), pp. 220–240.
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Widnyani, I. (2020). Recruitment practices and organizational outcomes. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen dan Bisnis, 21(2), pp. 67–78.
Wibowo, S. (2017). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Jakarta: Rajawali Press.
Wiryawan, D. & Rahmawati, F. (2020). Education, capability, and employee performance. Jurnal Manajemen dan Pembangunan, 12(1), pp. 34–49.
Wright, P.M., Coff, R. & Moliterno, T.P. (2014). Strategic HRM and resource-based theory: what next? Human Resource Management Journal, 24(3), pp. 269–285.
Wright, P.M. & Ulrich, M.D. (2017). A road well-travelled: The past, present, and future journey of strategic human resource management. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4, pp. 45–65.
Yulasmi, N. (2016). Recruitment and selection impacts on employee performance. Jurnal Manajemen dan Organisasi, 7(2), pp. 122–130.
Yuna, A. & Yulita, D. (2019). Human capital management and job allocation. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, 9(1), pp. 55–64.
Zhang, X. & Villanueva, R. (2024). Human resource planning, placement, and outcomes in Latin America. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis, 26(2), pp. 141–158.
Alexandro, M. (2025). Digital recruitment and AI-driven HR analytics in advanced economies. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 15(1), pp. 45–62.
Al Mamun, M.A. & Hasan, M. (2023). Recruitment and placement in developing economies: mediating mechanisms for performance. Journal of Management Development, 42(3), pp. 215–231.
Al Suwaidi, M. & Alshurideh, M. (2023). Embedding HRP in institutional planning: evidence from GCC public institutions. Employee Relations, 45(4), pp. 789–805.
Ambar, T. & Rosida, L. (2013). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Jakarta: Graha Ilmu.
Amin, A., Malik, S.Z. & Waheed, A. (2023). Human capital and organizational outcomes: a systematic review. Journal of Business Research, 158, pp. 113627.
Ardhana, I. (2012). Human resource placement and organizational effectiveness. Jurnal Manajemen dan Kewirausahaan, 14(2), pp. 101–109.
Arees, H. (2025). Strategic HR planning and digital transformation in emerging economies. Journal of Strategic Human Resource Management, 14(2), pp. 67–82.
Arifin, M. (2017). Strategic HRP and innovation performance in Indonesian institutions. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis, 20(2), pp. 145–160.
Baard, P.P., Ren, R. & Zhao, H. (2014). Person–job fit and performance: evidence from cross-national public organizations. Public Personnel Management, 43(1), pp. 67–89.
Bakić, T. (2024). Rethinking HR models in small and transitional economies. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 35(5), pp. 987–1005.
Barney, J.B. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), pp. 99–120.
Becker, G.S. (1964). Human capital: A theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to education. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Boas, A., Martins, F. & Santos, M. (2021). HR planning challenges in resource-scarce contexts. Management Decision, 59(13), pp. 23–41.
Boon, C., Den Hartog, D.N. & Lepak, D.P. (2019). A systematic review of strategic HRM: the role of HR practices in firm performance. Human Resource Management Review, 29(3), pp. 100–110.
Breaugh, J. (2013). Employee recruitment: Current knowledge and future research needs. Human Resource Management Review, 23(4), pp. 294–303.
Buil, I., Martínez, E. & Matute, J. (2019). Transformational leadership and employee performance: The role of identification, engagement, and proactive personality. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 77, pp. 64–75.
Campion, M.A., Campion, E.D., Campion, M.C. & Reider, M.H. (2016). Structured selection: A review of the validity of new methods. Personnel Psychology, 69(1), pp. 1–47.
Darodjat, T. (2015). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Derous, E. & Ryan, A.M. (2019). When your resume is (not) turning you down: Modelling ethnic bias in resume screening. Personnel Psychology, 72(2), pp. 263–293.
Ekwoaba, J.O., Ikejiama, B.O. & Ufoma, N. (2015). The impact of recruitment and selection criteria on organizational performance. Global Journal of Human Resource Management, 3(2), pp. 22–33.
Elrehail, H., Alsaad, A., Alzghoul, A. & Al‐Okaily, M. (2020). The role of knowledge sharing in enhancing innovation: a resource-based perspective. Journal of Business Research, 117, pp. 362–374.
Faliagka, E., Tsakalidis, A. & Tzimas, G. (2023). AI-enabled e-recruitment: Enhancing predictive accuracy. Computers in Human Behavior, 146, 107781.
Farndale, E., Thite, M., Budhwar, P. & Kwon, B. (2021). HRM in the digital age: mapping the terrain. Human Resource Management Review, 31(2), 100767.
Gardner, T.M., Wright, P.M. & Moynihan, L.M. (2011). The impact of motivation, empowerment, and skill-enhancing HR practices on firm performance. Personnel Psychology, 64(2), pp. 355–382.
George, D. (2019). Human resource planning and workforce forecasting. International Journal of Management and Applied Research, 6(4), pp. 239–249.
Georgescu, I., Constantinescu, M. & Dobrescu, M. (2024). Human resource practices and organizational performance: Evidence from EU public institutions. Sustainability, 16(3), 1112.
Gomathy, S., Nithya, K. & Ramesh, V. (2022). Human capital and recruitment effectiveness in Indian states. Journal of Asian Public Policy, 15(1), pp. 67–84.
Hassan, M. & Abdullahi, M. (2025). Workforce planning and service efficiency in African public administration. Public Administration Quarterly, 49(1), pp. 32–49.
Hasan, R., Rahman, M. & Chowdhury, S. (2024). Upskilling, mobility, and performance in developing economies. Human Resource Development International, 27(2), pp. 123–140.
Hasibuan, M. (2017). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.
Hariandja, M.T.E. (2013). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Jakarta: Grasindo.
Hariandja, M.T.E. (2016). Pengelolaan Tenaga Kerja dan Penempatan. Jakarta: Grasindo.
Henseler, J., Ringle, C.M. & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based SEM. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), pp. 115–135.
Inuwa, M. (2016). Job satisfaction and employee performance: An empirical approach. Millennial Review of Social Sciences, 2(1), pp. 1–8.
Jackson, S.E., Schuler, R.S. & Jiang, K. (2020). Strategic human resource management: A contextual approach. Human Resource Management Review, 30(4), 100766.
Jaradat, M., Khan, A. & Abbas, J. (2025). Contextualizing HRM in fragile and developing economies. International Journal of Manpower, 46(2), pp. 311–329.
Jayanti, T. & Dewi, R. (2021). Demographic influences on employee performance. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Indonesia, 36(2), pp. 145–159.
Jiang, K., Lepak, D.P., Hu, J. & Baer, J.C. (2012). How does HRM influence organizational outcomes? A meta-analytic investigation. Academy of Management Journal, 55(6), pp. 1264–1294.
Judge, T.A., Jackson, C.L., Shaw, J.C., Scott, B.A. & Rich, B.L. (2017). Self-efficacy and work performance: Integrating individual differences into motivational theory. Journal of Applied Psychology, 102(2), pp. 269–281.
Kitukutha, N., Musau, E.G. & Karanja, J. (2020). Employer branding and recruitment effectiveness. European Journal of Human Resource Management Studies, 4(1), pp. 18–33.
Kristof-Brown, A.L., Zimmerman, R.D. & Johnson, E.C. (2005). Consequences of individuals’ fit at work: A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 58(2), pp. 281–342.
Kurniawan, A. (2022). Right person, right place: Job allocation and performance outcomes. Jurnal Manajemen Indonesia, 22(3), pp. 199–210.
Mangkunegara, A.P. (2013). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Perusahaan. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya.
Motowidlo, S.J. & Van Scotter, J.R. (1994). Evidence that contextual performance is distinct from task performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79(4), pp. 475–480.
Mousa, M. & Othman, M. (2020). Employee performance evaluation: A critical perspective. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 10(1), pp. 150–168.
Nadya, A. (2018). Sample size determination and Slovin’s formula in HR research. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen, 8(2), pp. 45–52.
Nawawi, H. (2017). Perencanaan SDM untuk Organisasi Publik. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.
Negt, W. & Haunschild, A. (2025). Institutional fragility and human resource practices. Journal of Management Studies, 62(2), pp. 223–242.
Nelwan, A. & Pandowo, M. (2017). HRP, allocation, and performance in Indonesian government institutions. Jurnal EMBA, 5(2), pp. 33–43.
Noer, M., Fathoni, A. & Slamet, S. (2017). Human resource planning and performance effectiveness in Indonesian local governments. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis, 20(2), pp. 200–210.
Nurbaya, D., Indrawan, D. & Putri, R. (2023). Strategic HRP and service quality in Indonesian local government. Jurnal Manajemen dan Kewirausahaan, 25(1), pp. 56–72.
Oh, I.S., Guay, R.P., Kim, K., Harold, C.M., Lee, J.H., Heo, C.G. & Shin, K.H. (2014). Fit happens globally: A meta-analytic comparison of the relationships of person–environment fit dimensions. Personnel Psychology, 67(1), pp. 99–152.
Oyewole, O.S., Oladipo, O.A. & Adedoyin, F.F. (2024). Recruitment systems and organizational adaptability in Sub-Saharan Africa. African Journal of Management, 10(1), pp. 89–106.
Park, S. & Lee, H. (2023). Citizen trust and employee performance in public administration. Public Management Review, 25(5), pp. 713–735.
Podsakoff, N.P., Podsakoff, P.M., MacKenzie, S.B., Maynes, T.D. & Spoelma, T.M. (2018). Consequences of unit-level organizational citizenship behaviors. Academy of Management Review, 43(4), pp. 718–744.
Putra, E., Nugraha, Y. & Yuliani, D. (2023). Recruitment and HR effectiveness in Indonesian municipalities. Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Publik, 9(1), pp. 77–90.
Putri, Y. (2022). Recruitment systems and employer branding. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Indonesia, 11(1), pp. 34–45.
Purwanto, A., Asbari, M., Santoso, P.B. & Sunarsi, D. (2022). Contextual performance and task performance: New insights from public institutions. International Journal of Social and Management Studies, 3(1), pp. 58–68.
Ramadhenty, D., Setiawan, I. & Hidayat, S. (2019). Job placement and employee performance: An empirical analysis. Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis, 16(2), pp. 151–162.
Reynolds, D. & Moyo, T. (2024). Human resource planning and allocation in African governments. Public Policy and Administration, 39(2), pp. 177–196.
Riyami, A. & Banu, A. (2019). HR planning and workforce strategy in Oman’s public sector. Middle East Journal of Management, 6(3), pp. 245–260.
Robbins, S.P. (2016). Organizational behavior. 17th ed. Pearson Education.
Robbins, S.P. & Judge, T.A. (2019). Essentials of organizational behavior. 14th ed. Pearson.
Samsudin, S. (2016). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Bandung: Pustaka Setia.
Schmidt, F.L., Oh, I.S. & Shaffer, J.A. (2016). The validity and utility of selection methods in personnel psychology: Practical and theoretical implications. Journal of Applied Psychology, 101(3), pp. 1–21.
Situmwara, M., Lumbanraja, P. & Gultom, D. (2020). Allocation systems and performance in public service. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis, 23(1), pp. 44–56.
Sondang, P. (2014). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.
Sulea, C., Fischmann, G., Filipescu, R. & Zaborila, L. (2022). Personality, self-efficacy, and contextual performance: A meta-analysis. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 31(2), pp. 220–240.
Van Veldhoven, M. (2023). Employee performance in the digital era: frameworks and challenges. Human Resource Management Review, 33(2), 100891.
Vegas-Gallo, J., Rodríguez, L. & Torres, R. (2025). Recruitment and HR planning in Latin American municipalities. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 35(1), pp. 85–103.
Widnyani, I. (2020). Recruitment practices and organizational outcomes. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen dan Bisnis, 21(2), pp. 67–78.
Wibowo, S. (2017). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Jakarta: Rajawali Press.
Wiryawan, D. & Rahmawati, F. (2020). Education, capability, and employee performance. Jurnal Manajemen dan Pembangunan, 12(1), pp. 34–49.
Wright, P.M., Coff, R. & Moliterno, T.P. (2014). Strategic HRM and resource-based theory: what next? Human Resource Management Journal, 24(3), pp. 269–285.
Wright, P.M. & Ulrich, M.D. (2017). A road well-travelled: The past, present, and future journey of strategic human resource management. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4, pp. 45–65.
Yulasmi, N. (2016). Recruitment and selection impacts on employee performance. Jurnal Manajemen dan Organisasi, 7(2), pp. 122–130.
Yuna, A. & Yulita, D. (2019). Human capital management and job allocation. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, 9(1), pp. 55–64.
Zhang, X. & Villanueva, R. (2024). Human resource planning, placement, and outcomes in Latin America. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis, 26(2), pp. 141–158.
Published
2025-10-09
How to Cite
Oqui, L., Piedade, S. and Muni, J. (2025) “The Impact of Human Resource Planning and Recruitment System on Employee Performance through Employee Placement: A Case Study in RAEOA”, Timor Leste Journal of Business and Management, 7, pp. 103-115. doi: 10.51703/bm.v7i0.203.
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2025 Timor Leste Journal of Business and Management
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
