The Influence of Interpersonal Factors on Job Satisfaction and Gender Differences: A Case Study of Hotel Employees in Dili, Timor-Leste
Keywords:
Interpersonal, Job satisfaction, Hotel, Gender differences.
Abstract
Research examining job satisfaction may not be uncommon, however, there is a scarcity of studies that have been conducted to investigate the effect of interpersonal relationships on job satisfaction. The objective of this study is to examine the relative importance of interpersonal factors and their influence on job satisfaction and gender differences among employees in the hotel industry in Dili, Timor-Leste. A survey of hotel employees was undertaken, yielding a total of 385 respondents. Data were analyzed by using correlation and regression analysis. The hypothesized model explained more of the variance for the male sample than for the female sample. For both genders, career encouragement is a common factor with a direct effect on job satisfaction. For female employees, mentor support directly predicts job satisfaction. Among male employees, informal network directly influences job satisfaction. This study is the first to examine interpersonal factors and their effect on job satisfaction of hotel employees in Timor-Leste and whether such factors predict job satisfaction differently for males and females. We present the theoretical and practical implications of the role of interpersonal factors on job satisfaction.
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References
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Al-Ababneh, M. M., Masadeh, M. A., Al-Shakhsheer, F. J., & Ma’moun, A. H. (2018). The impact of internal service quality on job satisfaction in the hotel industry. Research in Hospitality Management, 8(1), 55-62.
Allen, T. D., French, K. A., & Poteet, M. L. (2016). Women and career advancement: Issues and opportunities. Organizational Dynamics, 45(3), 206–216, doi: 10.1016/j.orgdyn.2016.07.006.
Appiah, J. K. (2019). Community-based corporate social responsibility activities and employee job satisfaction in the US hotel industry: An explanatory study. Journal of hospitality and tourism management, 38, 140-148.
Beck G. (2018). Women in the hospitality industry battling gender inequality. Retrieved from https://broad.msu.edu/news/women-hospitality-industry-battling-gender-inequality/ (accessed June, 15 2020).
Blake-Beard, S. (2015). Confronting paradox: Exploring mentoring relationships as a catalyst for understanding the strength and resilience of professional Indian women. In Unveiling women’s leadership (pp. 25-43). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
Blayney, C., & Blotnicky, K. (2011). The impact of gender on strategic typology in the hotel industry in Canada. Global Journal of Business Research, 5(4), 107-117.
Brites da Silva, H., Yukongdi, V., Kusakabe, K., & Zimmermann, W. (2021). Career Advancement in the Hotel Industry in Timor-Leste: Study of Individual, Organizational, and Gender Differences. SAGEOpen, 11(3), 21582440211032683.
Brislin, R. W. (1970). Back-translation for cross-cultural research. Journal of cross-cultural psychology, 1(3), 185-216.
Buddhapriya, S. (2013). Diversity management practices in select firms in India: a critical analysis. Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 597-610.
Campbell, S. B. (1990). The socialization and social development of hyperactive children. In Handbook of developmental psychopathology (pp. 77-91). Springer, Boston, MA.
Castell Report. (2017). The castell project forms to assist advancement of women professionals in the hospitality industry. Retrieved from https://www.castellproject.org/news/2017/2/28/women-amp-leadership-the-highland-groups-peggy-berg (accessed June, 15 2020).
Catalyst (2019). Women in Management. Retrieved from https://www.catalyst.org/research/women-in-management/(accessed January 25, 2020).
Datta, S., & Agarwal, U. A. (2017). Factors effecting career advancement of Indian women managers. South Asian Journal of Business Studies, 6(3), 314–336, doi: 10.1108/SAJBS-07-2016-0062.
Emmerik, I. J., Euwema, M. C., Geschiere, M., & Schouten, M. F. (2006). Networking your way through the organization: gender differences in the relationship between network participation and career satisfaction. Women in Management Review, 21(1), 54-66.
Freitas, J., Vong, M., & Mendes, J. (2016). Proceedings of the International Conference on Emerging Tourism Destination: Challenges and Opportunities (ICETD 2016). Dili, Centre for Applied Research & Policy Studies (CARPS) DIT.
Garavan, T.N., O'Brien, F., & O'Hanlon, D. (2006). Career advancement of hotel managers since graduation: a comparative study. Personnel Review.
Greguletz, E., Diehl, M. R., & Kreutzer, K. (2019). Why women build less effective networks than men: The role of structural exclusion and personal hesitation. Human Relations, 72(7), 1234-1261.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. & Anderson, R. E, (2018). Multivariate Data Analysis. 8 ed. Andover, Hampshire: Cengage.
Helitzer, D. L., Newbill, S. L. Cardinali, G. Morahan, P. S. Chang, S., & Magrane, D. (2016). Narratives of Participants in National Career Development Programs for Women in Academic Medicine: Identifying the Opportunities for Strategic Investment. Journal of Women’s Health, 25(4), 360–370, doi: 10.1089/jwh.2015.5354.
Herzberg, F. I. (1966). Work and the Nature of Man.
Judge, T. A., & Larsen, R. J. (2001). Dispositional affect and job satisfaction: A review and theoretical extension. Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 86(1), 67-98.
Kaplan, R. S., & Norton, D. P. (1996). Using the balanced scorecard as a strategic management system.
Koo, B., Yu, J., Chua, B. L., Lee, S., & Han, H. (2020). Relationships among emotional and material rewards, job satisfaction, burnout, affective commitment, job performance, and turnover intention in the hotel industry. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 21(4), 371-401.
Kunze, A., & Miller, A. R. (2017). Women helping women? Evidence from private sector data on workplace hierarchies. Review of Economics and Statistics, 99(5), 769-775.
Locke, E.A., ‘The Nature and Causes of Job Satisfaction’. In Dunnette, M.P. (Ed.) Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Chicago: Rand McNally, 1976, pp. 1297-1350.
Lopes Morrison, R. (2005). Informal relationships in the workplace: Associations with job satisfaction, organisational commitment and turnover intentions (Doctoral dissertation, Massey University).
Lopes S. (2015). Timor-Leste in Figures 2015. Retrieved from http://www.statistics.gov.tl/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Timor-Leste-em-Numeros-20151.pdf
Metz, I. (2003). Individual, interpersonal, and organisational links to women’s advancement in management in banks. Women in Management Review,18(5),236–251,doi: 10.1108/09649420310485087.
Mišić-Andrić, M. (2015). Women’s career advancement in organisations: Integrative framework for research. Journal of Engineering Management and Competitiveness, 5(2), 102–107, doi: 10.5937/jemc1502102m.
Mooney, S., & Ryan, I. (2009). A woman's place in hotel management: upstairs or downstairs. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 24(3), 195-210, doi: 10.1108/17542410910950877.
Moores, L. K., Holley, A. B., & Collen, J. F. (2018). Working with a mentor: Effective strategies during fellowship and early career. Chest, 153(4), 799-804.
Noe, R. A. (1988). An investigation of the determinants of successful assigned mentoring relationships. Personnel psychology, 41(3), 457-479.
Okpara, J. O., Squillace, M., & Erondu, E. A. (2005). Gender differences and job satisfaction: a study of university teachers in the United States. Women in management Review.
Ozkazanc‐Pan, B., & Clark Muntean, S. (2018). Networking towards (in) equality: Women entrepreneurs in technology. Gender, Work & Organization, 25(4), 379-400.
Ravindran, B., & Baral, R. (2014). Factors affecting the work attitudes of Indian re-entry women in the IT sector. Vikalpa, 39(2), 31-42.
Robbins, S. P., & Coulter, M. (2017). Management 13E. Noida, India: Pearson India.
Rouse, K. A. G. (2004). Beyond Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: What Do People Strive For? Performance Improvement, 43(10), 27.
Sahoo, D. K., & Lenka, U. (2016). Breaking the glass ceiling: Opportunity for the organization. Industrial and Commercial Training.
Salanova, A., & Kirmanen, S. (2010). Employee Satisfaction and Work Motivation: Research in Prisma Mikkeli
Spencer, R., Pryce, J., Barry, J., Walsh, J., & Basualdo-Delmonico, A. (2020). Deconstructing empathy: A qualitative examination of mentor perspective-taking and adaptability in youth mentoring relationships. Children and Youth Services Review, 114, 105043.
Tharenou, P., Latimer, S., & Conroy, D. (1994). How do you make it to the top? An examination of influences on women's and men's managerial advancement. Academy of Management Journal, 37(4), 899-931.
Thomas, R., Cooper, M., Konar, E., Rooney, M., Noble-Tolla, M., Bohrer, A., & Robinson, N. (2018), “Women in the Workplace 2018–Lean In and McKinsey & Company”, Hämtad från https://womenintheworkplace. com/doi, 10, 0045-3609.
Yamane, T. (1973). Statistics: An introduction analysis. Harper & Row.
Published
2022-06-30
How to Cite
Brites da Silva, H., Yukongdi, V. and Bokhari, S. (2022) “The Influence of Interpersonal Factors on Job Satisfaction and Gender Differences: A Case Study of Hotel Employees in Dili, Timor-Leste”, Timor Leste Journal of Business and Management, 4, pp. 33-42. doi: 10.51703/bm.v4i0.55.
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Articles
Copyright (c) 2022 Timor Leste Journal of Business and Management
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
